My American Journey essays

My American Journey essays Book Report on Colin Powells My American Journey Retired General Colin Powell is the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He spent a career in the United States Army lasting 35 years. He retired at the rank of four star general. He started his military education and career at the City College of New York in 1954. He was the son of Luther and Arie Powell of New York, born on the 5th of April 1937. His parents were meager people and he lived in a rented apartment until the age of 4 when he moved to the South Bronx where he finished his lower education and received his high school diploma. Upon graduating high school he applied to two universities, New York University (NYU) and the City College of New York (CCNY). He was accepted to both of the colleges but due to a price difference, NYU was $750 and CCNY was $10 a Year, he enrolled in CCNY. He was commissioned out of the CCNY ROTC program 4 years later and entered the army in June of 1958. After the officers basic course and various other military courses he received his first duty station as a platoon leader in the 3rd Armor Division in West Germany. From here began what came to be a most illustrious military career, consisting of a command track from platoon level to the commander of FORSCOM with numerous White House positions. He retired from his last command, the Armys highest-ranking Military Officer, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was also asked by many of his supporters to run for the office of President, which he declined. The book contained information on Colin Powell that proved more interesting as the page number increased. Some of the events of his life were more interesting than other parts. How his Army career started as a ROTC cadet and not an academy student was surprising to find out. General Powell was also able to serve two tours of Duty in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Racism also played a sig...

The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Essays

The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Essays The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Paper The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Paper Essay Topic: The Black Cat When used efficiently, the characterization and voice of a story can prevent the reader from condemning a characters actions. In horror novels, readers enjoy reading about plots that contain horrific bloody details on the deaths of innocent victims. Usually, the thought of death is painful for most humans but when we are engaged in a book we overlook the victims agony, instead we feed off of it to make ourselves feel complete and jubilant. We also make ourselves believe that the villains always have a motive to kill or harm others. This motive is our sanctuary. We are so sadistic and malevolent that we think that any motive to kill is acceptable, and this allows us to imagine ourselves as the killer. The characterization of characters and how the story is told can also make us believe that the killer is not truly the villain because we are told to think that the victim caused their own death. In The Cask of Amontillado Poe uses characterization and voice to prevent the reader from condemning Montressors actions. This is shown when Montressor immediately admits to the reader that he is going to commit a crime, Montressor also tells us exactly how he kills Fortunato, and Fortunato is characterized as a very proud person. In The Cask of Amontillado Montressor immediately admits to the reader that he will kill Fortunato, because Fortunato insulted him, from this we realize that there is an external conflict between the two men. Montressor tells the reader that The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could; but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge (Poe, 1). This means that Montressor is sick of Fortunato, and wants revenge because Fortunato goaded him. Montressors motive for killing Fortunato was because he was insulted by him. The voice of the story makes the reader forgive Montressor for wanting to kill a person because he had a motive for doing so. In addition, Montressor also states that he wants to punish Fortunato. Montressor makes this very clearly when he says I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser (Poe, 1). Montressor wants to punish Fortunato without having to be punished himself, because he thinks that would be superfluous. This is how Montressor is going to kill Fortunato. He is going to kill him very mysteriously, so no one can assume that he was the one that committed the murder. Finally, Montressor admits to the reader that he will commit a crime, which he will not be accused of committing, because Montressor admits that he will commit a crime due to a motive the reader slightly forgives him and wonders how the conflict between Fortunato and Montressor will end. Edgar Allan Poe uses the voice of Montressor as first person to narrate The Cask of Amontillado, Montressor just so happens to be the murderer. First person narratives make us think that what is being said should be reliable, because they are telling us exactly what they have encountered. Throughout the story Montressor tells us exactly how he kills Fortunato, though his eyes. This makes us feel less sympathetic about Fortunatos death because we are seeing it though the eyes of the killer. This causes us to feel as though we are the ones killing Fortunato. In other words, since we are sadistic creatures from birth, we over look the fact that we are witnessing a crime punishable by death, instead we are encouraging Montressor to continue his deed to see how Fortunato will die. Montressor begins his deed by luring Fortunato into a catacomb where he has asked Fortunato to test some amontillado. The two men continue until Fortunato coughs heavily. This causes Montressor to say we will go back; your health is precious (Poe, 2). Montressor tries to persuade Fortunato that he is sick and that he should return home, but Fortunato refuses to. This question is asked a number of times throughout The Cask of Amontillado and every time it is asked the sadistic reader hopes that Fortunato will not turn back, so we can see how he dies. Montressor and Fortunato continue into the catacombs until they reach a niche where Fortunato is forced into while Montressor begins to vigorously wall up the entrance of the niche (Poe, 4). The stacking of the bricks to build a wall is seen though Montressors eyes, so the reader feels as if they are Montressor and they are the ones building the wall. This prevents the reader from feeling any sorrow for Fortunato because we are sadistic creatures that enjoy causing pain and lamentation. Lastly, the use of first person narrative allows the reader to connect to the narrator and forget about the suffering of another persons death, because they feel as though they are Montressor committing the crime. In general, when we are reading about inflicting pain on someone we do not think about the person dying, instead we think about the person that is killing. In The Cask of Amontillado Fortunato is characterized as a foolish arrogant drunkard that caused his own death. Fortunato is given many opportunities to turn back, but he continues on into the catacombs. When Montressor gives Fortunato the chance to return home he always concludes it with besides there is Luchesi- (Poe, 2). The idea of another person testing the wine is a terrible thought for Fortunato because he is very proud of his connoisseurship for fine wine, and wants to prove to Montressor that his taste for wine is far greater than that of Luchesis. This is how Fortunato brought his death upon himself, because he could not help but prove to Montressor that he has a greater taste for wine than Luchesi. Following this further, Fortunato is a foolish man that actually believes that Montressor wants him to test some Amontillado. Even when Montressor is sealing up the niche, which basically means that Fortunato is going to die, Fortunato is absurd enough to think that is it all a joke and laughs about it Ha! ha! ha! he! he! he! a very good joke indeed- an excellent jest (Poe, 5). When Fortunato says this, he still does not understand that he is going to die by the hands of Montressor. He is a fool to think that what is happening to him is all a joke. It is quite obvious that the Amontillado is a fallacy, and that being chained to a wall inside of a niche is a portent of a dolorous death. Fortunato should have realized that entering the catacombs would bring him to his death, but instead he follows Montressor though the catacombs, not expecting anything along the way. Fortunato is a gullible fool to think that Montressor is doing all of this just for some laughs and that he will actually let Fortunato test some Amontillado. When in reality Montressor is planning to kill him. Therefore, Fortunatos arrogance and foolishness cost him his life. In conclusion, Montressor is a remorseless killer, but the use of characterization and voice prevents the reader from thinking that Montressor is the villain. Poe begins The Cask of Amontillado by stating that Montressor will commit a crime due to a motive, this allows the reader to immediately want to forgive Montressor because he admits that he will do wrong. Poe also leads us into the malevolent mind of Montressor by telling the story in first person and shows us step by step how the death of Fortunato occurs through the eyes of Montressor. Poe characterizes the victim as an arrogant foolish drunkard, so the reader does not necessarily see him as innocent or feel bad about his death. Therefore, the use of characterization and voice can dramatically change a persons perspective on death and killing. I leave you with one question: Are we not as cruel and sadistic as the texts we read?

Broken Windows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Broken Windows - Essay Example The theory postulates that when public behavior in a neighborhood is unregulated, it leads to the gradual â€Å"breakdown of community controls† (Kelling and Wilson, 2, 1982). The ‘broken window’ here is symbolic of the breakdown of the informal controls through which people regulate public behavior in a neighborhood. The shared civic obligations and mutual considerations of community living act as barriers to crime and disorder. Once these barriers are overcome by the perception that ‘no one cares,’ vandalism occurs. Social controls are weakened and citizens feel that the environment in uncontrolled. This generates fear. Such an area, with its ‘broken windows, is particularly vulnerable to the spread of crime and disorder.   When disorderly behavior remains unchecked, it goes on to become criminal. When police apply the ‘Broken Window’ theory to specific actions on the street, they aim to â€Å"elevate --- the level of public order† in the neighborhood (Kelling and Wilson, 1982). The role of the police is to maintain order. It is acknowledged that disorder and crime are interconnected in a community. The police’s role is founded on this link between order-maintenance and crime-prevention. Their role is based on the premise that â€Å"serious street crime flourishes in areas in which disorderly behavior goes unchecked† (Kelling and Wilson, 2, 1982). It is a reflection of the police’s role in earlier periods, when the main responsibility of the police was to maintain order. Actions such as keeping drinking away from the main intersections, questioning strange loiterers, preventing panhandlers and vagrants from bothering pedestrians and begging at bus-stops, keeping noisy teenagers in check, and settling disputes between customers and busi nessmen are geared towards the maintenance of public order. Arresting a single drunk or vagrant

Boots entering china analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boots entering china analysis - Research Paper Example The company is dedicated to the provision of quality healthcare and pharmaceutical products to the local community. The company manages its operation through synergies with other companies for the creation of wider opportunities (Bennett, 1988). The company introduces new packaging for its products regularly. Boots focuses on research and development that creates more channels of distribution. For instance, the company introduced online sales through mail orders and electronic commerce. The strategy is unique as it seeks to target new markets (Bradford & Lawrence, 2004). Product development creates a unique avenue for the company to make an introduction of new products into international markets. The strategy focuses on ensuring that the pharmaceutical products gain a greater international market share (Barell, 1990). The strategy involves the development of new methods in product improvement for the new markets. The company uses market diversification, in order, to branch with ease to other international markets. The company seeks to enter the Chinese market for diversification and the creation of new opportunities and pharmaceutical products (Managi & Kaneko, 2008). In the United Kingdom, pharmaceutical companies have led to the improvement of the health status. The country has invested in research and development of pharmaceutical products. This enables pharmaceutical firms, such as Boots, to rely on the reports of the research in the development of their products. The country also poses strict regulations that companies must adhere to before providing their products for either local or international consumption. The government has to test and approve that the products of Boots are fit for consumption. Most companies are in favor of less government influence on their activities. However, it is important for the firms to understand that the government

Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment Essay Example for Free

Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment Essay Relation to Management: The management team of every organization is expected to handle employee issues to be able to increase their competencies at work, which includes their health status at work. Helping employees avoid developing chronic illness through giving them better access to healthcare assistance availabilities as well as giving them fine environment for work is a huge step up in solving this issue on the part of the organizations’ management team. The rate of employees having the need to deal with suffering from chronic disease increases every year, especially in the American region. It could not be denied that the stress and the pressures that most employees deal with at work costs their lost of health stability. The article of Reed Abelson aims to show how many employees today are already affected by the illness. As the years of economic downfall over the world enters the scene, the problem becomes even more serious thus demanding a more serious attention on the matter from the management teams of the different business organizations all over the world. (Abelson, 2008, Intenet) The most disturbing issue that has been noted by the author is that most of the people having this particular illness actually receive lesser attention from the administration of the business organizations that they are working for. This is the reason why Jeffrey Harris and his colleagues decided to search for evidences that prove that chronic disease among employees in America today and thus be able to find a solution to the said issue. The group of Harris conducted a pilot test of the American Cancer Society Workplace Solutions, which they applied as intervention system in the work operations of eight major employers in the Pacific Northwest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The said intervention proposed at least 15 major focus-activities that are further subdivided into five categories that are listed as follows: health insurance benefits policies workplace programs health promoting communication tracking of employees health behaviors to measure progress Along the said process of intervention, the researchers even added a 4-meeting session to be held with the employers of the companies involved for two months which are to begin with handed questionnaires that are designed to asses their involvement in the program and how well their employees are faring due to the effects of the program.(Harris, et al, 2008, 16)   TO be able to test the effectiveness of the program, the researchers decided to present the data in a before-after pattern which gave a clear depiction on how the program affected the existing systems of the organization and the health awareness culture that the said business organizations adapt to. Why have the research been concentrating on the employers as source of motivation on the staff personnel of the business organizations tested and not direct the study on the employees at once? There are three main reasons why this process had been considered effective by the researchers: Employers have power over the workplace environments that directly affect the health of the old-aged employees of the organizations. Employers face rapidly mounting healthcare and productivity costs that could affect the process by which they aim to safeguard the health of their people at work. Employers are the once who are in charged of controlling health insurances of employees. These reasons actually showed how much the employers could do to imply a health-conscious environment at work and thus increase health assured number of employees, in the aim of trying to help them avoid the causes of Chronic Disease that could result to long time illness. As a result of the study, the data gathered by the researchers showed that most employers who to involved in the study chose to impose non-smoking policies. Since it appeared to be the least expensive and actually the easiest way to encourage employees to be health conscious, it has been the â€Å"favorite† of the employers. Least applied on the organization on the other hand is the sun-protection program which aims to protect the employees, especially the ones working in the field, from being affected by the heat rays of the sun at work. (Harris, et al, 2008, 13) It is also through this study that it was found out that employers are less able to apply policies, especially when they are not at first handed through a written proposal that would outline the significance of the process to their business and their employees as well. More over, the study revealed that employers are more than willing to learn how to deal with the health needs of their people. Primarily, this is because aside from increasing the employees’ loyalty to them, it also serves as a protection to their gains in the future time as it would help them avoid paying for unnecessary or emergency health cases that their employees have to face. From the study analyzed, it could be noted that employers are indeed expected to take serious consideration of their employees’ health as they are considered to be the organization’s foundation now and in the future. Hence, the application of health-conscious programs on their part for the benefits of their people is an essential part of employee loyalty enhancement proceedings. Being able to establish such particular program in an organization makes the process of dealing with health issues in the organization be met with better ease and understanding on the part of the parties involved in the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   True, as Abelson notes in his article, understanding the health needs of the employees working for the success of the business actually ensures the progress of the entire business in the industry that they are involved with. This is the reason why the management team of the organizations today should actually give focus in answering these issues to ease the employees of the health problems that they need to deal with and thus give them better chances of performing better for the business organization’s sake. Reference: Harris JR, Cross J, Hannon PA, Mahoney E, Ross-Viles S, Kuniyuki A. Employer adoption of evidence-based chronic disease prevention practices: a pilot study. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008;5(3). Reed Abelson. (August 2008). Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/05/business/05health.html?_r=1ref=businessoref=slogin. (August 5, 2008).

Power & Authority :: essays research papers

Week 9 Essay 1 Power and Authority   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although they are very closely related, power and authority are two different concepts. Power is needed in order to establish authority, yet it is also completely distinct from authority (Week 9 Study Notes).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power is defined in the course study notes as the â€Å"ability of individuals or groups to get what they want despite the opposition†. Power is derived from a variety of sources including knowledge, experience and environmental uncertainties (Denhardt et al, 2001). It is also important to recognize that power is specific to each situation. Individuals or groups that may be entirely powerful in one situation may find themselves with little or no power in another. The county Registrar of Voters, who is my boss, is a perfect example. In running the local elections office, she can exercise the ultimate power. However, in a situation where she attempted to get the county selected for a desirable, statewide pilot project, she was powerless, completely at the mercy of the Secretary of State. Power is difficult to measure and even to recognize, yet it plays a major role in explaining authority. In organizations, power is most likely exercised in situations where à ¢â‚¬Å"the stakes are high, resources are limited, and goals and processes are unclear† (Denhardt et al, 2001). The absence of power in organizations forces us to rely on soley hierarchical authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When power becomes legitimate, it is then recognized as authority (Denhardt et al, 2001). Power becomes authority when it is accepted and even desired by society. As stated by the course study notes, â€Å"authority refers to a situation where a person (or group) has been formally granted a leadership position†. An individual has authority when everyday norms and regulations support the exercising of power by that individual. In an organizational setting, â€Å"authority is hierarchal and vested in positions† (Week 9 Study Notes), which are defined by â€Å"organizational charts, positions and rules† (Week 9 Study Notes). Generally, power in authority also involves the possibility of rewards such as promotions and good performance reviews.

Chinese peasant and Communism DBQ Essay

Between circa 1925 and circa 1950, the relations between the Chinese peasants and the Chinese Communist Party became out of hand due to the peasant rebellions/uprising groups present, the tension between Japan and the communist party, and most notable the mass reform during this time period. In 1927 the rising leader of the Chinese Communist party was acknowledging that soon the upsurge of peasant rebellion was soon, and that will soon rise up and overpower the wealthy landowning class. (DOC 1). In 1941 a Japanese official report had noted that due to extreme similarities between the peasants and local communist guerrilla unit. These similarities would’ve made it hard from a commoner point of view to distinguish between the two groups, and allowing the rebels to remain hidden easier. (DOC 3). William Hinton of the Chinese Communist Land reform reported that in 1948, the arming of the peasants to fight Japan had a substantial effect. Arming of the peasants gave them a trouble-free way to rise up and make the landlords pay for their abuse and make them repay the overcharges and restore land to proper owners. (DOC 6). As the peasants where preoccupied in their uprising the Communist party struggled to attract the peasant population to their side in fighting Japan. An Additional document that may help strengthen this argument would be a journal from a noble in a city or town close to the heart of China where the uprisings where present. As Communist China strived to attract the peasant majority to fight against China it brought quite a lot of tension throughout the state. The attraction began in 1942 with a report from the Communist Central Committee implying that the peasants contribute to the basic strength of the Anti-Japanese War. That they must improve life for the peasants and grant more rights if they even wish to have them voluntarily fight for them.(DOC 5). A report was released in 1942 that gave descriptions of the result of Japanese attack on Chinese soil. Most of the statistics used in the report may have been false in the communists endeavor to gain the peasant population.(DOC 4). However in  the communists pursuit they had persuaded some people of the peasant community. A conversation between a teenage peasant and his grandfather explained some of the goods that communism had brought to the Chinese. From the grandfather’s point of view, Communism had brought nothing but greatness to the Chinese state, but at the time period such claims would often be argued, thus building tension.(DOC 2). With the prevalent tension and the armed peasants it led to a mass reform during this period. An Addition document that may help in this would most definitely be a journal from a pro Communism and anti Communism to see the variety of views on the group. With the uprisings become stronger, and tensions building greater it led to a massive reform across the state. The reforms began first in 1948 with the arming of the peasants in China to fight against Japan, with the peasants armed it had prompted rebellion against the landlords taking the power from them and taking back what was originally theirs. (DOC 6). With the picture of the peasant sticking their tongue out to the landlord shows how the power has shifted quite massively. The fact that struggle meetings where organized in the land reform process quite well shows that the peasants have the power now.(DOC 9). In the same year of 1950, along with change of power there was also a change in life for women, and rights for them. There was establishment of a democratic marriage system prompted equal rights to women and freedom for whom they partner with.(DOC 8). Prior to the new marriage system and land reform it was prompted by the abolishment of the landlord class, and a peasant land ownership was established. Giving the peasants more freedom in their lives, then leading to the equal rights for woman and marriage.(DOC 7). With all the various reforms during this time the peasants point of view must be confident in their abilities how they have essentially rose to the top. I feel another good document to support my claims would simply be a report from a Communist general on his views of the massive reform the peasants had ignited. Throughout circa 1925 and circa 1950 across the Chinese Civil War and Anti-Japanese war the relations between the peasants of China and the Communist party grew out of hand. Due to the increasing of peasants uprising and rebellions, in addition to the tension built between the anti Communism  and pro Communism peasants, and to finish the mass amounts of reform occurring during the era.

Chef and Culinary School Essay

What it takes to be a chef? To be a culinary artist? I don’t know much about cooking, but I wanted to learn about it. A chef is a person who cook for restaurant, hotel, hospitals, an other institution. Culinary arts is the way of preparing and cooking foods. A culinary artist is very skilled in cooking and preparing food. They make food that is really good to eyes of people as they taste it. I wanted to be a chef because I love food, and I want to have my own restaurant some day. see more:i want to become a chef Being a chef in not easy. It takes a long hours, standing and walking around the kitchen in a long period of time, lifting heavy materials, working close to fire and using sharp objects. Patience is what you need a lot, and of course studying. There are two choices to become a chef, schooling or on job training. Schooling will be the best choice if you want to rise up and quickly become a chef. Culinary schools offers two to four year degrees, it will give you the basic cooking and kitchen management. Going to culinary schools will let you learn what you need and it even allow you to work in a professional kitchen that may be connected to a restaurant. You will have a chance to work in different positions in a restaurant and have chance to work with professional chefs. If you cant afford a culinary school, you can do the on-job training. In this case you wont be able to cook if you dont have an experience, you can go to a position that works inside the kitchen, dishwasher, or prep cook. In these positions you will learn to cook by watching, you will gain experience in a professional kitchen. Once in culinary school you will have to find an internship. Talk with your career center a good source of information and can tell you which ones pay and which ones do not. Also talk with your instructors. They network with area chefs and know who is good. Check national food magazines, as they are a very good indication who is following trends. If you did not go to culinary school then look for a good chef to do a apprenticeship under. Look in newspaper or Internet to find a restaurant and do your research about the chef. Look in local, regional, and national magazines. Check with your local American Culinary Federation chapter. In cooking you will need to learn a nutrition part of cooking, because not all the consumers can eat everything, vegan people, allergies, and religion related reasons. Especially in hospitals, patients wont be able to eat everything because of their health issues. There are different style of cooking or a cuisine, Greek cuisine, Chinese cuisine, French cuisine etc. they use different types of cooking, grilling, mixing, marinating etc.

The effect of divorce on a person after long marriage

The effect of divorce on a person after long marriage Introduction Divorce is the act of terminating a marital union between parties and as a result, relieving them their legal duties and responsibilities. Divorce has many different implications that always depend on the type of marriage that bound the parties. For an initially monogamous family, the implication is that each former party is free and may marry another. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effect of divorce on a person after long marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Where people practice polygamy, the divorced woman may have another husband, while in an originally polygynous family; the divorce gives the woman a leeway to marry another man. Only the laws of the land, which govern marriage, can determine the legality of divorce in any society. Imagine of a country like Malta or Philippines where authorities do not allow divorce; in such countries, divorce is illegal and thus punishable in the court of law. In cases where divorce is legal, for example in most European countries, many laws exist to govern its execution. First, the party instigating the divorce needs to prove fault from his/her partner resulting in a break of their marriage ties. If the court accents to the proof put forward by the complainant, the jury, guided by the law, lays down a framework that governs sharing of property. Regardless of the type of marriage, which bound the divorced parties, the victims experience diverse effects, which may be positive, negative, or a combination of these. This essay focuses on these effects as far as parents, children, and the society are concerned. Emotional effects The act of a man and a woman separating has varied effects on their psychological health. First, the abandoned party ponders about his/her next move. If the sharing of property accompanies the divorce, the most affected party suffers emotionally because of uncertainties about their future. On their par t, children of the divorced parties may find it difficult choosing on whether to follow their father or mother, while other parents may abandon both their partner and their children during the divorce (Brinig Douglas, 2000, p.127). This may make the children become social misfits if their colleagues mock them about their family’s situation. In a divorce case where the only breadwinner, usually the man, abandons the other party together with their children, the abandoned party may have difficulties providing for the family. The fear of the harsh realities, which accompany divorce, sets in and this makes them susceptible to stress, which may advance to depression. Depression has many long-term negative effects to the sufferer’s emotional as well as physical health. These may include delusions, anger flare-ups, and other mental disorders.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Divorce may also have a positive effect on the party advocating for it. This is very true but does not apply to all cases. Brinig and Douglas (2000) observe that, â€Å"if the cause of the divorce is unfaithfulness in marriage, the complainant, who may have been undergoing stress all along, may find divorce being a source of relieve† (p.127). This is because he/she no longer worries about the effects of sharing a partner. Social effects The social effects touch on relationship that the affected parties develop towards the larger community surrounding them as well as the reverse. In a case of a man who divorces his wife and the wider community knows about this, â€Å"he may have difficulties coping with others more so those who believe that the divorce is a wrongful act† (Rapoport, 2005, p.5). Close friends may also avoid him on ethical grounds while some of his family members may change their attitudes towards him. Friends and relatives may distance themselves from him or avoid anything associated with him. As a result, he may withdraw from the wider society making his contribution to societal issues to become nil, an action that will cause degradation to the society. A woman in the same condition also experiences more if not equal negative effect as her male counterpart since women are generally dependent on men. In communities where people consider a divorced woman as an outcast, her family may refuse admitting her back to the family, because doing so would tarnish the family name. If by sheer luck, the family members admit her back, many people who may be her peers, equally avoid her for fear of the wider community associating them with her. The woman therefore, considered as a failure, feels alienated and as a result withdraws from the wider community. Her services to the community slowly fade and the society loses its key players without anyone noticing. Children also experience social effects. The root causes and eventua l effect of divorce may create an indelible impression in the minds of children. These children carry the memories to their adulthood resulting in violent behaviors. Phillips warns that the children may also grow up hating other men if their minds keep in memory the violent nature of their father that led to the divorce (1991, p.18). The children may grow to become robbers, drug abusers, or even murderers. Imagine of a society full of individuals with this characters! The potential result is obvious. For school going children who hail from single parent families that result from divorce, social life at school may not be easy. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effect of divorce on a person after long marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At times, during arguments with fellow students, oblivious of the negative social impact of divorce may make fun of their family situation. The affected child then f inds it difficult coping with fellow students and this may badly affect his/her social life as well as academic performance. Divorce may also affect parent to child relationship. The affected child may withdraw socially from his/her parents making them lose confidence in the parents. In a case where divorce marks the end of daily arguments or even fights between their parents, some children may find it to be a relief. This is because the scary violent scenes they may have been seeing all along between their parents would have been a forgotten case; however, this rare situation is true only if the children are able to readjust easily and overcome other effects of the divorce. Financial Effects In any divorce case that leads to separation of husband and wife, there is need for the sharing of property owned by the family. The way the parties share the property has significant bearing on the financial status of both husband and wife. According to Luscombe, a man who was the breadwinner until the time of divorce may experience a positive change in his financial status after the divorce (2010, p.12A). This is because all the funds he used to spend on his wife before separation is now wholly available for only his use. On the other hand, the woman who may have been a complete dependant of her partner has trouble as far as her financial status is concerned. This is because she can no longer live the life she used to live. She has no access to free financial assistance her husband used to give her. However, in countries where strict laws that govern divorce exist for example in the United States, Rapoport observes, â€Å"the moment of divorce becomes an opportunity for the less affluent party to make easy wealth† (2005, p. 6). The law requires that the two parties share their wealth equally regardless of the proportions each party contributed. The less affluent party makes more finances than she/he could have made on her/his own while the more affluent party shares his/her wealth against his/her wishes. This explains why in most divorces involving rich families, the less affluent party files the case.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some couples under normal circumstances decide to pool their finances in order to get the benefits such as lower tax rates (if one partner greatly surpasses the other in earnings), higher common purchasing power, and assured financial stability. During divorce, this financial status changes since physical separation means that, each party controls his/her own earnings. The changes in financial status of parents always affect the children. Children who have been learning in high profile schools may be withdrawn and taken to low profile ones. This may affect their academic performance and further low self-esteem if they do not understand the reason behind their withdrawal. Health effects Health matters are also a major issue of concern during divorce. The stress an individual undergoes during divorce greatly affects his/her health. Take for instance, a case where the male counterpart is the breadwinner; after divorce, it is obvious that he will not be supporting his wife. Consequentl y, the woman may be mentally disturbed as she devises means and ways of making ends meet. If the efforts she makes prove futile, the stress levels advance. This may further result in negative behavioral effects like refusal to eat. Her health eventually deteriorates resulting in a weak body susceptible to illnesses. Children too, may be victims of negative health effects of divorce. Amato (1993) argues that, it is common knowledge that children need a lot of energy since most of their time is playtime (p.59). When under stress because of the fears that will accompany their parents’ separation, they equally lose appetite even on their favorite foods. The result is that they will have energy-deficient bodies with high susceptibility to diseases. Though not so significant, it is also worth to mention that stress causes deterioration of the condition of the mouth. The mouth of an individual affected by stress emits an odour that results from bacterial activity in the mouth. Th is comes about because of the long periods of stress during which the stressed individual keeps his/her mouth shut. Stress can also have positive effects on an individual’s health. Take for example where a woman is depressed because her husband beats her up every day, quarrels her and denies her food. It is obvious that such a woman is not happy under those circumstances and her health is in a bad state. A divorce would give her a better life, free from unjustified beatings, denial of food and frequent quarrels. As a result, her mental and physical health will undergo positive change that will make her a better person than she was before the divorce. The same case applies to children who are able to overcome the negative effects of divorce by their parents and adjust to a stress free life that would assure them better mental and physical health. Although this may seem impossible, the presence of individuals to guide these children and give them psychological and moral suppo rt will make it an obvious possibility. Societal effects Unlike in the past where divorce was a taboo, modern society laws that govern it have made it a frequent occurrence. In the past, succeeding in getting a divorce would require that the complainant prove infidelity from his/her partner. In the modern society however, this is not the case. The law allows an individual to ask for a divorce just at will, meaning that if someone woke up one morning with a plan to divorce his/her partner, they would be certain to succeed since it does not require any prove of infidelity (Phillips, 1991, p. 73). This has made divorce so rampant that people, including small children, have considered it as part of their lives. Be it in the court, the media or different homesteads, the individuals do not consider it as a big deal but just an option when things between couples do not seem to be all right. This increased rate of divorce has resulted in widespread emotional instability, juvenile delinque ncy, and crime in society. Divorce has resulted in poor child development and single parent families, which cause societal deterioration. Taking an example of the American society where divorce is so rampant, Spratling cautions that â€Å"young lovers do not take time to know each other but go ahead to marry, oblivious of the challenges ahead† (2009, p.19). When a time comes that each other’s true character traits are emerging, the couple easily terminates the marriage through divorce. This has caused widespread single parent families in which children develop flawed characters owing to the fact that only one parent molds their character and their childhood to their present age. This is especially so in single parent families involving only the mother. This in turn has caused widespread deterioration of the society in contemporary times. Finally, withdrawal of stressed victims of divorce affects the overall economic state of the society. Consider an individual whom, through participation in matters that benefit the society contribute towards its growth. If this individual withdraws from societal affairs because of alienation, the society would miss his /her services, and this would result in gradual degradation of the society, however small his/her contribution is. Conclusion Divorce unlike in the past where one had to prove fidelity to get it, is a common occurrence in the modern society. The nature of the law in the modern society is such that it allows couples to divorce at any time of their wish without the need prove fidelity. This has led to many negative and few positive effects on the society; ever-increasing divorce rates and destructive activities associated with victims of divorce for example drug abuse; robbery and violence. It is also vivid that the effects of divorce on the parents, children, and society from all dimensions of life are quite undesirable and unwelcome in a society with conscious minded people. Therefore, it is hi gh time that individuals and concerned organizations made efforts aimed at preserving the sanctity of marriage because if they left the ever-increasing rates of divorce to chance, the society would undergo a major deterioration. References Amato, P. (1993). â€Å"Childrens adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and Empirical support.† Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 54-68. Brinig, M., Douglas, W. (2000). These Boots Are Made for Walking: Why Most Divorce Filers are Women. American Law and Economics Review, 2(1): 126-129. Luscombe, B. (2010). Divorcing by the Numbers. New York Times, pp. 12A. Phillips, R. (1991). Untying the knot: a short history of divorce. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Print. Rapoport, Y. (2005). Marriage, Money and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society. USA Cambridge University Press. Spratling, C. (2009). Blended families can overcome daunting odds. Burlington, Vermont: Burlington Free Press.

Example of Confidence Interval for Variance

Example of Confidence Interval for Variance The population variance gives an indication of how to spread out a data set is. Unfortunately, it is typically impossible to know exactly what this population parameter is. To compensate for our lack of knowledge, we use a topic from inferential statistics called confidence intervals. We will see an example of how to calculate a confidence interval for a population variance.​ Confidence Interval Formula   The formula for the (1 - ÃŽ ±) confidence interval about the population variance. Is given by the following string of inequalities: [ (n - 1)s2] / B ÏÆ'2 [ (n - 1)s2] / A. Here n is the sample size, s2 is the sample variance. The number A is the point of the chi-square distribution with n -1 degrees of freedom at which exactly ÃŽ ±/2 of the area under the curve is to the left of A. In a similar way, the number B is the point of the same chi-square distribution with exactly ÃŽ ±/2of the area under the curve to the right of B. Preliminaries We begin with a data set with 10 values. This set of data values was obtained by a simple random sample: 97, 75, 124, 106, 120, 131, 94, 97,96, 102 Some exploratory data analysis would be needed to show that there are no outliers. By constructing a stem and leaf plot we see that this data is likely from a distribution that is approximately normally distributed. This means that we can proceed with finding a 95% confidence interval for the population variance. Sample Variance We need to estimate the population variance with the sample variance, denoted by s2. So we begin by calculating this statistic. Essentially we are averaging the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. However, rather than dividing this sum by n we divide it by n - 1. We find that the sample mean is 104.2. Using this, we have the sum of squared deviations from the mean given by: (97 – 104.2)2 (75 – 104.3)2 . . . (96 – 104.2)2 (102 – 104.2)2 2495.6 We divide this sum by 10 – 1 9 to obtain a sample variance of 277. Chi-Square Distribution We now turn to our chi-square distribution. Since we have 10 data values, we have 9 degrees of freedom. Since we want the middle 95% of our distribution, we need 2.5% in each of the two tails. We consult a chi-square table or software and see that the table values of 2.7004 and 19.023 enclose 95% of the distribution’s area. These numbers are A and B, respectively. We now have everything that we need, and we are ready to assemble our confidence interval. The formula for the left endpoint is [ (n - 1)s2] / B. This means that our left endpoint is: (9 x 277)/19.023 133 The right endpoint is found by replacing B with A: (9 x 277)/2.7004 923 And so we are 95% confident that the population variance lies between 133 and 923. Population Standard Deviation Of course, since the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, this method could be used to construct a confidence interval for the population standard deviation. All that we would need to do is to take square roots of the endpoints. The result would be a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation.

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights In Software Essay

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights In Software - Essay Example In addition, the rules which come under ‘intellectual property right’ offer various techniques for saving these rights of possession depending on their category. However, there are fundamentally 4 kinds of intellectual property rights which are applied to software, copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets. Additionally, each type offers a specific legal defense. For instance, copyrights, patents and trade secrets are utilized to protect the technology itself. Moreover, trademarks do not protect technology; however they are used to protect symbols or names used to differentiate a product in the market (Freibrun, 2011; ZINNOV LLC, 2001; Locklizard, 2011). This paper outlines some of the important ways to protect intellectual property in software industry. This paper will discuss intellectual property rights which are used for software such as copyright, patent and trademark. Copyright Software copyright is a rule or regulation that affects anybody who makes use of a computer, and especially the companies; it is not rare for a company to face civil or yet illegal proceedings for software copyright violation. On the other hand, it is a difficult part of law that is not extensively recognized (Kerr, 2007; InnovAccess, 2009. In addition, software copyright is not fundamentally dissimilar from some other kinds of copyright. Though, there are specific scenario of copyright law that is explicit to software, for the reason that there are realistic dissimilarities among software as well as other aspects that can be copyrighted (poems, books, sculptures, drawings, etc.). Additionally, the copyright law offers a programmer (or in the scenario of a working programmer, that programmer's company) an extensive degree of power over the system/application/program that he or she develops. For instance, the proprietor of copyright in a part of computer software that has the right to stop others from making copies of the software, or some considerable fraction of the software, whether the copy right infringer creates the copy by pasting application on hard disk, floppy disk, CD ROM, or by printing out a hard copy of the code of the software (Kerr, 2007; InnovAccess, 2009). When somebody develops a unique piece of application/code/software, that individual then apply something known as copyright to that application. In addition, applying the copyright to application or software outlines that owner of that particular application has the security of the law thus nobody can attempt to take their software. Additionally, under copyright law, people are not allowed to: (Copley, 2011) Make a copy the application or software intended for other people Loan the software to some other individuals Offer the software on rent to other people Making an illegal installation of application on a network when other people are able to make use of its or access it Moreover, if somebody does not comply with the law or regulation of copyright, they could be pena lized with fines or even through imprisonment. The cause for this is that making software engages work of a lot of people and might take thousands of hours. It is simply fair that all this effort is protected (Copley, 2011). In this scenario, the US Copyright Office recognizes the software to be â€Å"a group of declarations or commands to be employed openly or not directly in a system to carry about a specific output.† However, copyright security is not implemented to thoughts, ideas, program logic, algorithms, techniques or layouts (ClickandCopyright, 2011). In addition, in software copyrights scenario the

National Science Teachers Association Standards Essay

National Science Teachers Association Standards - Essay Example The NSTA standards are mostly for the teachers who teach science. These standards make sure that the teachers of all levels who teach science should have the capability and the ability to teach science to the students and they (teachers) have the ability to understand the subject as well. These standards also work as a measurement against the teacher's performance. The teacher has to give a satisfactory performance of his or her skills and knowledge about the subject in the science teacher preparation program. There are about 10 NSTA standards and they are Content is the first standard of NSTA standards. In content the teachers of science must be able to understand the subject the matter and its practices thoroughly. It is important that they understand the concepts and grasp the ideas and applications of the subject. The teachers must be able to convey the important concepts and the ideas and the applications of the subject to the students. The teachers are able to use mathematical calculations successfully that they can generate reports and process data and solve problems related to their field. It is very important for the teacher of science that they have a very strong content background in the field of science. Content standard basically includes the knowledge and the skills that learned by the teachers in their teacher's science curriculum. The content standard ... The teacher must have the grasp of their related field and have the capability to make the students understand the chemical kinetics, the physical and chemical properties, mole concept, fundamental concept of atoms and molecules, fundamental biochemistry and organic synthesis. The teacher should make the subject they are teaching interesting so that learning can take place. It can be done with taking field trips, teaching in such a way that it connects to real life, or through videos etc. Nature Of Science is the second standard of NSTA standards. The teachers, who teach science make the students learn how to differentiate between what is science and is non-science, make them understand the practice of science and the origins of science. The teachers themselves should also understand the goals and the values that are important in the development of scientific studies as well if they plan to teach the nature of science. The nature of science standard can be used in the school curriculum. The teachers should have the skill to engage students in the classroom to participate in the analysis of the scientific assumption and claims. The professors or teachers should be able to show that they can make the students participate in the study of nature of science. The teachers can provide the students with case studies, through seminars on the nature of science or through assignments or projects etc. Inquiry is the third standard of NSTA standards. The teacher who are teaching science engage the students in classroom discussions and make sure that the student takes an active participation in the learning through scientific inquiry. The teachers have to make sure that they can teach through inquiry, they have to