Gang Development And Control Essay

Below are descriptions of gang development theories. Copy and paste the correct description into the table below next to the appropriate theory. There are five descriptions and four theories. One description is not valid. Theory Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Members join a gang to have a safe social circle and to learn techniques to communicate through graffiti. Gang members use those techniques to display their gang’s strength and power in their neighborhood. Members who join a gang for this reason are typically involved in drug use and truancy but rarely violent acts of delinquency. Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capable and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Description: Anthropological †¢Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capable and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Sociocultural †¢Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Psychological †¢Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Rational Choice †¢Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Gang Control In the table below, describe the gang control methods in your own words and use the Internet to provide an example of a program based on each type of gang control method. Include the name of the Web site and the working URL address in the table. Gang Control Methods Descriptions Examples Law Enforcement Efforts Law enforcement is looked at for gang control and it takes three forms. Youth service program where they are given responsibility for gang control. Gang details are assigned exclusively to gang control work. Gang units are to deal solely with gang problems. Chicago officers have an intelligence unit that will use the gang members name in the computer to see if they have gotten arrested or picked up for anything. Gang Awareness https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/Communities/Gang%20Awareness Community Control Efforts They used to have the YMCA where there were people there to work with gangs. Now they have prevention services for kids to prevent them from joining a gang. Like counseling and parent kid activities. They also want to find a way to involve programs into the schools. Gang Free http://www.gangfree.org/who_index.html

The Host Chapter 18: Bored

I spent the rest of the day, with one brief exception, in total silence. That exception occurred when Jeb brought food for both Jared and me several hours later. As he set the tray inside the entrance to my tiny cave, he smiled at me apologetically. â€Å"Thank you,† I whispered. â€Å"You're welcome,† he told me. I heard Jared grunt, irritated by our small exchange. That was the only sound Jared made all day. I was sure he was out there, but there was never so much as an audible breath to confirm that conviction. It was a very long day-very cramped and very dull. I tried every position I could imagine, but I could never quite manage to get all of me stretched out comfortably at once. The small of my back began a steady throbbing. Melanie and I thought a lot about Jamie. Mostly we worried that we had damaged him by coming here, that we were injuring him now. What was a kept promise in comparison with that? Time lost meaning. It could have been sunset, it could have been dawn-I had no references here, buried in the earth. Melanie and I ran out of topics for discussion. We flipped through our joint memories apathetically, like switching TV channels without stopping to watch anything in particular. I napped once but could not fall soundly asleep because I was so uncomfortable. When Jeb finally came back, I could have kissed his leathery face. He leaned into my cell with a grin stretching his cheeks. â€Å"‘Bout time for another walk?† he asked me. I nodded eagerly. â€Å"I'll do it,† Jared growled. â€Å"Give me the gun.† I hesitated, crouched awkwardly in the mouth of my cave, until Jeb nodded at me. â€Å"Go ahead,† he told me. I climbed out, stiff and unsteady, and took Jeb's offered hand to balance myself. Jared made a sound of revulsion and turned his face away. He was holding the gun tightly, his knuckles white over the barrel. I didn't like to see it in his hands. It bothered me more than it did with Jeb. Jared didn't make allowances for me the way Jeb had. He stalked off into the black tunnel without pausing for me to catch up. It was hard-he didn't make much noise and he didn't guide me, so I had to walk with one hand in front of my face and one hand on the wall, trying not to run into the rock. I fell twice on the uneven floor. Though he did not help me, he did wait till he could hear that I was on my feet again to continue. Once, hurrying through a straighter section of the tube, I got too close and my searching hand touched his back, traced across the shape of his shoulders, before I realized that I hadn't reached another wall. He jumped ahead, jerking out from under my fingers with an angry hiss. â€Å"Sorry,† I whispered, feeling my cheeks turn warm in the darkness. He didn't respond, but sped his pace so that following was even more difficult. I was confused when, finally, some light appeared ahead of me. Had we taken a different route? This was not the white brilliance of the biggest cavern. It was muted, pale and silvery. But the narrow crevice we'd had to pass through seemed the same†¦ It wasn't until I was inside the giant, echoing space that I realized what caused the difference. It was nighttime; the light that shone dimly from above mimicked the light of the moon rather than the sun. I used the less-blinding illumination to examine the ceiling, trying to ferret out its secret. High, so very high above me, a hundred tiny moons shone their diluted light toward the dim, distant floor. The little moons were scattered in patternless clusters, some farther away than others. I shook my head. Even though I could look directly at the light now, I still didn't understand it. â€Å"C'mon,† Jared ordered angrily from several paces ahead. I flinched and hurried to follow. I was sorry I'd let my attention wander. I could see how much it irritated him to have to speak to me. I didn't expect the help of a flashlight when we reached the room with the rivers, and I didn't receive it. It was dimly lit now, too, like the big cave, but with only twenty-odd miniature moons here. Jared clenched his jaw and stared at the ceiling while I walked hesitantly into the room with the inky pool. I guessed that if I stumbled into the fierce underground hot spring and disappeared, Jared would probably see it as a kind intervention of fate. I think he would be sad, Melanie disagreed as I edged my way around the black bathing room, hugging the wall. If we fell. I doubt it. He might be reminded of the pain of losing you the first time, but he would be happy if I disappeared. Because he doesn't know you, Melanie whispered, and then faded away as if she were suddenly exhausted. I stood frozen where I was, surprised. I wasn't sure, but it felt as though Melanie had just given me a compliment. â€Å"Move it,† Jared barked from the other room. I hurried as fast as the darkness and my fear would allow. When we returned, Jeb was waiting by the blue lamp; at his feet were two lumpy cylinders and two uneven rectangles. I hadn't noticed them before. Perhaps he'd gone to get them while we were away. â€Å"Are you sleeping here tonight or am I?† Jeb asked Jared in a casual tone. Jared looked at the shapes by Jeb's feet. â€Å"I am,† he answered curtly. â€Å"And I only need one bedroll.† Jeb raised a thick eyebrow. â€Å"It's not one of us, Jeb. You left this on me-so butt out.† â€Å"She's not an animal, either, kid. And you wouldn't treat a dog this way.† Jared didn't answer. His teeth ground together. â€Å"Never figured you for a cruel man,† Jeb said softly. But he picked up one of the cylinders, put his arm through a strap, and slung it over his shoulder, then stuffed one rectangle-a pillow-under his arm. â€Å"Sorry, honey,† he said as he passed me, patting my shoulder. â€Å"Cut that out!† Jared growled. Jeb shrugged and ambled away. Before he was out of sight, I hurried to disappear into my cell; I hid in its darkest reaches, coiling myself into a tight ball that I hoped was too small to see. Instead of lurking silently and invisibly in the outside tunnel, Jared spread his bedroll directly in front of the mouth of my prison. He plumped his pillow a few times, possibly trying to rub it in that he had one. He lay down on the mat and crossed his arms over his chest. That was the piece of him that I could see through the hole-just his crossed arms and half of his stomach. His skin was that same dark gold tan that had haunted my dreams for the last half year. It was very strange to have that piece of my dream in solid reality not five feet from me. Surreal. â€Å"You won't be able to sneak past me,† he warned. His voice was softer than before-sleepy. â€Å"If you try†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He yawned. â€Å"I will kill you.† I didn't respond. The warning struck me as a bit of an insult. Why would I try to sneak past him? Where would I go? Into the hands of the barbarians out there waiting for me, all of them wishing that I would make exactly that kind of stupid attempt? Or, supposing I could somehow sneak past them, back out into the desert that had nearly baked me to death the last time I'd tried to cross it? I wondered what he thought me capable of. What plan did he think I was hatching to overthrow their little world? Did I really seem so powerful? Wasn't it clear how pathetically defenseless I was? I could tell when he was deeply asleep because he started twitching the way Melanie remembered he occasionally did. He only slept so restlessly when he was upset. I watched his fingers clench and unclench, and I wondered if he was dreaming that they were wrapped around my neck. The days that followed-perhaps a week of them, it was impossible to keep track-were very quiet. Jared was like a silent wall between me and everything else in the world, good or bad. There was no sound but that of my own breathing, my own movements; there were no sights but the black cave around me, the circle of dull light, the familiar tray with the same rations, the brief, stolen glimpses of Jared; there were no touches but the pitted rocks against my skin; there were no tastes but the bitter water, the hard bread, the bland soup, the woody roots, over and over again. It was a very strange combination: constant terror, persistent aching physical discomfort, and excruciating monotony. Of the three, the killer boredom was the hardest to take. My prison was a sensory-deprivation chamber. Together, Melanie and I worried that we were going to go mad. We both hear a voice in our head, she pointed out. That's never a good sign. We're going to forget how to speak, I worried. How long has it been since anyone talked to us? Four days ago you thanked Jeb for bringing us food, and he said you were welcome. Well, I think it was four days ago. Four long sleeps ago, at least. She seemed to sigh. Stop chewing your nails-it took me years to break that habit. But the long, scratchy nails bothered me. I don't really think we need to worry about bad habits in the long term. Jared didn't let Jeb bring food again. Instead, someone brought it to the end of the hall and Jared retrieved it. I got the same thing-bread, soup, and vegetables-twice every day. Sometimes there were extra things for Jared, packaged foods with brand names I recognized-Red Vines, Snickers, Pop-Tarts. I tried to imagine how the humans had gotten their hands on these delicacies. I didn't expect him to share-of course not-but I wondered sometimes if he thought I was hoping he would. One of my few entertainments was hearing him eat his treats, because he always did so ostentatiously, perhaps rubbing it in the way he had with the pillow that first night. Once, Jared slowly ripped open a bag of Cheetos-showy about it as usual-and the rich smell of fake powdered cheese rolled through my cave†¦ delicious, irresistible. He ate one slowly, letting me hear each distinct crunch. My stomach growled loudly, and I laughed at myself. I hadn't laughed in so long; I tried to remember the last time and couldn't-just that strange bout of macabre hysteria in the desert, which really didn't count as laughter. Even before I'd come here, there hadn't been much I'd found funny. But this seemed hilarious to me for some reason-my stomach yearning after that one small Cheeto-and I laughed again. A sign of madness, surely. I didn't know how my reaction offended him, but he got up and disappeared. After a long moment, I could hear him eating the Cheetos again, but from farther away. I peeked out of the hole to see that he was sitting in the shadows at the end of the corridor, his back to me. I pulled my head inside, afraid he might turn and catch me watching. From then on, he stayed down at that end of the hall as much as possible. Only at night did he stretch out in front of my prison. Twice a day-or rather twice a night, as he never took me when the others were about-I got to walk to the room with the rivers; it was a highlight, despite the terror, as it was the only time I was not hunched into the unnatural shapes my small cave forced on me. Each time I had to crawl back inside was harder than the last. Three times that week, always during the sleeping hours, someone came to check on us. The first time it was Kyle. Jared's sudden lunge to his feet woke me. â€Å"Get out of here,† he warned, holding the gun ready. â€Å"Just checking,† Kyle said. His voice was far away but loud and rough enough that I was sure it was not his brother. â€Å"Someday you might not be here. Someday you might sleep too soundly.† Jared's only answer was to cock the gun. I heard Kyle's laughter trailing behind him as he left. The other two times I didn't know who it was. Kyle again, or maybe Ian, or maybe someone whose name I hadn't learned. All I knew was that twice more I was woken by Jared jumping to his feet with the gun pointed at the intruder. No more words were spoken. Whoever was just checking didn't bother to make conversation. When they were gone, Jared went back to sleep quickly. It took me longer to quiet my heart. The fourth time was something new. I was not quite asleep when Jared started awake, rolling to his knees in a swift movement. He came up with the gun in his hands and a curse on his lips. â€Å"Easy,† a voice murmured from the distance. â€Å"I come in peace.† â€Å"Whatever you're selling, I'm not buying,† Jared growled. â€Å"I just want to talk.† The voice came closer. â€Å"You're buried down here, missing the important discussions†¦ We miss your take on things.† â€Å"I'm sure,† Jared said sarcastically. â€Å"Oh, put the gun down. If I was planning to fight you, I would have come with four guys this time.† There was a short silence, and when Jared spoke again, his voice carried a hint of dark humor. â€Å"How's your brother these days?† he asked. Jared seemed to enjoy the question. It relaxed him to tease his visitor. He sat down and slouched against the wall halfway in front of my prison, at ease, but with the gun still ready. My neck ached, seeming to comprehend that the hands that had crushed and bruised it were very close by. â€Å"He's still fuming about his nose,† Ian said. â€Å"Oh, well-it's not the first time it's been broken. I'll tell him you said you were sorry.† â€Å"I'm not.† â€Å"I know. No one is ever sorry for hitting Kyle.† They laughed quietly together; there was a sense of camaraderie in their amusement that seemed wildly out of place while Jared held a gun loosely pointed in Ian's direction. But then, the bonds that were forged in this desperate place must have been very strong. Thicker than blood. Ian sat down on the mat next to Jared. I could see his profile in silhouette, a black shape against the blue light. I noticed that his nose was perfect-straight, aquiline, the kind of nose that I'd seen in pictures of famous sculptures. Did that mean that others found him more bearable than the brother whose nose was often broken? Or that he was better at ducking? â€Å"So what do you want, Ian? Not just an apology for Kyle, I imagine.† â€Å"Did Jeb tell you?† â€Å"I don't know what you're talking about.† â€Å"They've given up the search. Even the Seekers.† Jared didn't comment, but I could feel the sudden tension in the air around him. â€Å"We've been keeping a close watch for some change, but they never seemed overly anxious. The search never strayed from the area where we abandoned the car, and for the past few days they were clearly looking for a body rather than a survivor. Then two nights ago we caught a lucky break-the search party left some trash in the open, and a pack of coyotes raided their base camp. One of them was coming back late and surprised the animals. The coyotes attacked and dragged the Seeker a good hundred yards into the desert before the rest of them heard its screams and came to the rescue. The other Seekers were armed, of course. They scared the coyotes off easily, and the victim wasn't seriously hurt, but the event seems to have answered any questions they might have had about what happened to our guest here.† I wondered how they were able to spy on the Seekers who searched for me-to see so much. I felt strangely exposed by the idea. I didn't like the picture in my head: the humans invisible, watching the souls they hated. The thought made the skin on the back of my neck prickle. â€Å"So they packed up and left. The Seekers gave up the search. All the volunteers went home. No one is looking for it.† His profile turned toward me, and I hunched down, hoping it was too dark to see me in here-that, like his face, I would appear as only a black shape. â€Å"I imagine it's been declared officially dead, if they keep track of those things the way we used to. Jeb's been saying I told you so' to anyone who'll stand still long enough to hear it.† Jared grumbled something incoherent; I could only pick out Jeb's name. Then he inhaled a sharp breath, blew it out, and said, â€Å"All right, then. I guess that's the end of it.† â€Å"That's what it looks like.† Ian hesitated for a moment and then added, â€Å"Except†¦ Well, it's probably nothing at all.† Jared tensed again; he didn't like having his intelligence edited. â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"No one but Kyle thinks much of it, and you know how Kyle is.† Jared grunted his assent to that. â€Å"You've got the best instincts for this kind of thing; I wanted your opinion. That's why I'm here, taking my life into my hands to infiltrate the restricted area,† Ian said dryly, and then his voice was utterly serious again. â€Å"You see, there's this one†¦ a Seeker, no doubt about that-it packs a Glock.† It took me a second to understand the word he used. It wasn't a familiar part of Melanie's vocabulary. When I understood that he was talking about a kind of gun, the wistful, envious tone in his voice made me feel slightly ill. â€Å"Kyle was the first to notice how this one stood out. It didn't seem important to the rest-certainly not part of the decision-making process. Oh, it had suggestions enough, from what we could see, but no one seemed to listen to it. Wish we could've heard what it was saying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My skin prickled anxiously again. â€Å"Anyway,† Ian continued, â€Å"when they called off the search, this one wasn't happy with the decision. You know how the parasites are always so†¦ very pleasant? This was weird-it's the closest I've ever seen them come to an argument. Not a real argument, because none of the others argued back, but the unhappy one sure looked like it was arguing with them. The core group of Seekers disregarded it-they're all gone.† â€Å"But the unhappy one?† Jared asked. â€Å"It got in a car and drove halfway to Phoenix. Then it drove back to Tucson. Then it drove west again.† â€Å"Still searching.† â€Å"Or very confused. It stopped at that convenience store by the peak. Talked to the parasite that worked there, though that one had already been questioned.† â€Å"Huh,† Jared grunted. He was interested now, concentrating on the puzzle. â€Å"Then it went for a hike up the peak-stupid little thing. Had to be burning alive, wearing black from head to toe.† A spasm rocked through my body; I found myself off the floor, cringing against the back wall of my cell. My hands flew up instinctively to protect my face. I heard a hiss echo through the small space, and only after it faded did I realize it was mine. â€Å"What was that?† Ian asked, his voice shocked. I peeked through my fingers to see both of their faces leaning through the hole toward me. Ian's was black, but part of Jared's was lit, his features hard as stone. I wanted to be still, invisible, but tremors I couldn't control were shaking violently down my spine. Jared leaned away and came back with the lamp in his hands. â€Å"Look at its eyes,† Ian muttered. â€Å"It's frightened.† I could see both their expressions now, but I looked only at Jared. His gaze was tightly focused on me, calculating. I guessed he was thinking through what Ian had said, looking for the trigger to my behavior. My body wouldn't stop shaking. She'll never give up, Melanie moaned. I know, I know, I moaned back. When had our distaste turned to fear? My stomach knotted and heaved. Why couldn't she just let me be dead like the rest of them had? When I was dead, would she hunt me still? â€Å"Who is the Seeker in black?† Jared suddenly barked at me. My lips trembled, but I didn't answer. Silence was safest. â€Å"I know you can talk,† Jared growled. â€Å"You talk to Jeb and Jamie. And now you're going to talk to me.† He climbed into the mouth of the cave, huffing with surprise at how tightly he had to fold himself to manage it. The low ceiling forced him to kneel, and that didn't make him happy. I could see he'd rather stand over me. I had nowhere to run. I was already wedged into the deepest corner. The cave barely had room for the two of us. I could feel his breath on my skin. â€Å"Tell me what you know,† he ordered.

Johnson Matthey Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Johnson Matthey - Case Study Example 14 Consolidated Income Statement 15 Consolidated and Parent Company Cash Flow Statements 16 PART A: Financial Analysis 1. Company Summary Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) The common stock trades on the London Stock Exchange (LSE: JMAT.L). 2. Strategic Objectives (Annual Report, 2009) For 2009/2010, Johnson Matthey's strategic objective is to generate consistent growth in earnings by developing high added value products and services. The company aims at further supporting R&D and financing organic growth. Although opportunities for growth are on the agenda, the company plans on reducing capital expenditure to generate more cash. The group's financial objectives are: achieving constant and above average growth in earnings per share; achieving an ROI above the group's cost of capital; achieving a 20% ROA for all its divisions; maximizing dividends in line with earnings to ensure sufficient funds are retained to support organic growth The priorities given in strategic direction are: Focusing on its core skills in the... The paper concludes that Johnson Matthey's financial statements are clearly structured, facilitating the company's financial analysis. Also, non-financial statements communicate the group's quality, innovation and efficiency to shareholders in a comprehensive way that identifies the company's strategic objectives. Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) For the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, Johnson Matthey's revenues increased 4.66% to 7,847.8m.

Spinal Column Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spinal Column - Essay Example According to Wilke (2006), the thoracic spine has a curve that bends outwards, forming a shape resembling a backward "C"; it is known as the kyphotic curve. Lumbar spine- This is the lowermost part of the spinal column. It is made up of 5 (some people have 6) vertebrae (L1 to L5). The lumbar spine links the pelvis and the thoracic spine and therefore supports most of the body’s weight; they are also the largest vertebrae. The lumbar spine has a curve (lordotic curve) that bends inward (Wilke, 2006). Plain X-rays, no matter what technique is employed, normally underestimate the extent of traumatic injury. In addition to this, there is a high likelihood that lesions will not be detected. Non-displaced and hairline fractures are very hard to detect using the normal radiographs. Using plain X-ray films, latent vertebral fractures are likely to be diagnosed wrongly in patients suffering from osteoporosis (Wilke,

FDA Approval Procedure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FDA Approval Procedure - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that pre-clinical studies must showcase that the medication will not induce chromosomal damage when consumed in potentially effective doses. The results are filed to the FDA together with the IND (Investigational New Drug) application. Apart from the pre-clinical studies report, the IND application contains the information on pharmacologic properties, the proposal for clinical investigations, and clarification of safety measures for prospective volunteers.This essay discusses that after a drug has survived all the trials, an NDA (New Drug Application) is forwarded to the FDA. According to the 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act, standard applications are to be reviewed within the 12-month timeframe. Results on priority applications are usually released within six months. Sometimes, FDA may request to provide minor corrections or labeling adjustments. As soon as the product receives the FDA approval, it is allowed for sail. In case of rejection, the FDA pre sents the reasoning together with a list of recommendations. Certain approvals are given under the condition that further research must be conducted shortly after the initial marketing. For instance, the manufacturer may be requested to assess risks in patients with specific illnesses or to examine the long-term effects.  To conclude, drug approval is a lengthy and costly process that is strictly regulated by the FDA.

Media and body image Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media and body image - Research Paper Example In that regard, people have become victims of the media sources like magazines because they police and construct ideas on standards from fashion to everything in life. From an evaluation of the pictures and articles in the vogue magazine, it is clear that the media polices and constructs certain body images for both men and women; these body images are deliberate because audiences need something to feed on, to keep on reading the magazines, and the magazines themselves deliver just that. It is apparent that media treats the male and female body images differently, in addition to treating body images of heavy people and thin people differently. Evidently, all these body images pass across some subtle yet firm messages that reflect gendered societal views about both men and women; in that case, media constructs truths about life, thus, it is the most powerful influence on how both men and women often view themselves. There are clear indications that the Vogue magazine applies different standards in its portrayal of the body images for both males and females from the manner in which it portrays them differently. On a wider scope, the body images of b oth men and women in this magazine depict the sexes in stereotypical ways that constrain the readers’ perceptions of the limitless human possibilities. For instance, the body image of males in the vogue magazine depicts them as lively, powerful, daring, sexually aggressive and most importantly, they are depicted as being deeply involved and playing extremely important roles in human relationships (Horowitz). This magazine imposes this body image as the universal standard for males and as a result, it is consistent with the cultural views of males in society; however, the actual reality in the wider population is different. Truth of the matter is there are all sorts of imperfections in the body image of males in the

The impact of leadership or Entrepreneurship Literature Review Essay

The impact of leadership or Entrepreneurship Literature Review - Essay Example A series of studies published in regard to this issue has been reviewed in order to identify the key aspects of the involvement of leadership in organization. It has been proved that leadership can highly impact modern organizations; still, the level at which leadership affects organizations is not standardized. Rather, differences seem to exist under the influence of internal and external organizational environment. In addition, the impact of leadership in organizations can have many aspects; reference can be made, as an example, to the influence of leadership on organizational strategy (Fairholm 2009). The literature review is presented in section 2 of this study. The particular section, which is the study’s main body, has been divided into two parts. The first one presents the literature that addresses the potentials of leadership to impact organizational performance. Then, in the second part of section 2, the various aspects of impact of leadership in organizations are ana lytically presented using relevant academic studies. 2. Impact of leadership in organizational performance – literature review 2.1 Can leadership impact organizational performance? Udoh and Agu (2012) have investigated the potential influence of two specific types of leadership, the transformational and the transactional leadership, in organizations operating in the manufacturing industry of Nigeria. The workers of three organizations operating in the particular industry have been asked to participate in the survey. A total of 286 workers have accepted to state their view in regard to the issues explored through the particular study. It should be noted that workers at different level of the organizational hierarchy have participated in the study, aiming to secure the study’s credibility. The responses of the participants indicated a close relationship between the two leadership styles, i.e. the transformational and the transactional leadership, and organizational perfo rmance (Udoh and Agu 2012). The importance of the above study can be identified at this point: the study of Udoh and Agu (2012) shows that, even if based on different approaches for enhancing employee performance, the transformational and the transactional leadership are equally powerful in securing high employee performance. On the other hand, for Boerner, Eisenbeiss and Griesser (2007) transformational leadership is more likely to boost organizational performance, compared to transactional leadership. The above researchers used both the literature review and the empirical research in order to check the impact of transformational leadership and organizational performance. The review of the literature related to this issue revealed that transformational leadership can enhance employee performance by focusing on the relationship between the leader and employees (Boerner, Eisenbeiss and Griesser 2007). Indeed, it seems that through transformational leadership ‘trust, agreement o n values and self efficacy’ (Boerner, Eisenbeiss and Griesser 2007, p.15) help employees to keep their performance at high levels, a fact that positively affects organizational performance. When the effectiveness of transactional lea

Tissue Viability Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tissue Viability Nursing - Essay Example Besides of all these fields, a local and instantaneous help and prevention is of crucial importance for the disease treatment as well. Generally speaking, tissue viability implies protection and management of wounds (Ebersolle and Hess, 1998). Such important aspects as pressure ulcer prevention, leg ulcer prevention, chronic edema and infection control are integrative in the field of tissue viability treatment. In order to improve my nursing experience with taking care about patients with tissue viability, there is a need to improve the status of this disease in the healthcare system, especially, with regards to older patients. There are many drawbacks concerning the disease status on local and national levels: â€Å"It is useful to consider the amalgamation of tissue viability with related therapeutic areas for economy of scale, cost efficiency and improved delivery of care; †¦Services within the NHS have been too parochial, focusing on local issues rather than regional or nat ional ones† (Marshall, 2010). A high quality of tissue viability nursing depends not only on a nurse’s skills, but also implies a combination of many other external factors, which, if combined, would lead to a positive result. On the basis of my own experience, I would like to note that prevention is much more effective than tissue viability treatment. I have been engaged in tissue viability treatment at many different stages: from the process of the disease identification to the operational delivery of care. The following case happened to my patient with tissue viability and means a lot for me. One evening a patient with paraplegia has complained about septicaemia from a urinary infection. On my behalf, I performed caring actions, which I had to complete. Thus, I completed a pressure ulcer risk assessment that indicated the patient's high risk but he spent another night on a standard mattress overnight. As a result, a large sacral pressure ulcer was developed. In order to prevent such kind of incidents in my further practice, I had to communicate with my colleagues and to get support from a confidential counseling service. Moreover, in the institution where I am employed, such kind of incidents has shifted accents in the field of tissue viability, which has now been considered in the context of tissue damage prevention. Nurses are supposed to reduce infections they can bring to patients. For example, even if there are several sepses in wounds, efficient anti-microbial dressings of medical personnel can prevent further infection expansion (Spencer et al, 2001). With this regard, an efficient practical perfection in tissue viability nursing was introduced when our institution underlined that it is on behalf of all people involved in the treatment process to take a responsibility for infection level decrease and prevention. Anyone can bring germs into a nursing home and there is a need to prevent and take control over a potential hazardous level of infections. Therefore, I have been often involved in trainings devoted to infection level decrease and my knowledge has been constantly improved and modernized about the possible ways of protection against infection. Moreover, older people are not very attentive to their appearance; they have a lot of cognitive and mental problems, as well as

Answering quistions regarding to the personal statment Essay

Answering quistions regarding to the personal statment - Essay Example In view of this self-awareness would give me the impetus for being employed since I would be able to properly articulate my knowledge ability and skills set to prospective employers succinctly without stuttering. From the feedback, I have learnt that my communication skills, especially in giving specific details about me are quite poor and therefore need to be improved greatly to give the right impression to prospective employers. I have also learnt that I have a great potential in me of being an effective communicator by concentrating on the major issues through pin pointing the specifics of the issues I am talking about rather than applying generalizations. Another important lesson from the feedback is that there is urgent need for me to do a thorough research of the specificities of the practical nature and varieties of possible job openings in my field of specialization and their specific entry requirements. In relation to my key strengths, I would have indicated that as an electrical and electronics engineer, my personal organization skills would be helpful in prioritization of tasks allowing free flow of operations that my work supports. Responsibilities in electrical and electronics engineering involve the application of diagnostic expertise and tests for identifying and determining the sources of electrical faults and interpreting the error codes and in-built indicators of faults. Other crucial tasks involve design transformation into actual outcomes. . These tasks require high level of organization and keenness. My ability to handle pressure would enable me deal with situations like total collapse of systems quickly without any delays, to restore maximum performance of systems in the shortest time possible. I will achieve this through quick and accurate interpretation of circuit diagrams. My high standards of excellence would be instrumental in accurately analyzing information in

Why Is the Initial Consultation so Important Essay Example for Free

Why Is the Initial Consultation so Important Essay During this essay I will be discussing ethics and what ethical issues the therapist faces in relation to initial consultation with the client. What an initial consultation is and why it is so important that one is completed without exception. I will also explore what the process is, what happens at the initial consultation, and how the therapist will gather the required information. I also aim to explore what benefits and contra indications there are for having an initial consultation. According to a thesaurus the word â€Å"Ethics† means: a moral- code, values, principles and beliefs. This definition leads to the question, what is meant by the phrase, â€Å"Ethical therapist†? An ethical therapist within the UK works within the Code of Ethics which was developed from the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Code of Ethics April 2002. This constitutes of a moral code of principles and values which should always be adhered to whenever the therapist is practising. The Code of Ethics covers for example: 1. Providing a good standard of care, safeguarding both the therapist and client. 2. Only treating clients within your own qualifications   3.  The therapist must attend regular supervision 4. Ensure your client understands the boundaries and limits. 5. Manage the clients’ expectations 6. Conflicts of interest 7. Gaining and keeping trust 8. Ensure that the therapy is â€Å"Client centred† The above points are a brief precis of what the Code of Ethics covers, and are an integral part of the therapists working practice. The therapist must remain professional at all times both in appearance and manner. It is also important to consider the layout of the consulting room to ensure safety for both the client and the therapist. The initial consultation will be the first time the client and therapist meet and first impressions are important to the client and will count. The therapist will have assumptions made about them within the first minutes of meeting. These assumptions will come from the way the client is greeted, the therapist’s pattern and manner of speech and their body language; these assumptions are pivotal to building rapport. A major objective of the initial consultation is for the therapist to assess if this type of therapy is suitable for the client, and whether or ot both client and therapist feel comfortable working with each other while beginning to build a working professional rapport. It is important for the therapist to gather detailed information about the client before embarking on therapy of any kind. As well as taking and recording obvious personal details, name address etc, it is important to probe to discover details about the client’s life, ie hobbies, work, family situation, the client’s GP details and medical history. This is a major factor in the assessment from an ethical point of view, as this alone can determine whether hypnotherapy is suitable for the client. If the client demonstrates reluctance to divulge medical information and/or GP details then it is advisable to ask them to get a letter from their GP stating that hypnotherapy will be suitable. Hypnotherapists treat neurosis not psychosis so it would not be ethical to treat the client with a psychosis. Neurosis is a term used to describe various psychological disorders such as: †¢ Anxiety Disorders – This is an overreaction to normal tolerated stresses †¢ Panic Disorders – Regular panic attacks where the client has no causing heart conditions. †¢ Phobias – A fear that affects the clients’ life Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – The client has unwelcoming or intrusive thoughts or behaviours that they have to carry out †¢ Separation Anxiety – An irrational feeling of separation from parents by the child †¢ Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – Symptoms following a disaster †¢ Psychosomatic Disorders – Symptoms of emotions or subconscious cognitions being released, sometimes with increased stress levels †¢ Reactive Depression – Depression that arises from an external event such as bereavement The client will be aware that they have this type of condition and completely aware of reality. Normally these disorders are associated with stress and anxiety but the client is likely to still be able to function within society. Psychoses are identified when the client is unaware that they have a problem. They may have a tendency to blame others or the world as long as it’s not them. There are two types of psychoses: †¢ Functional – This covers schizophrenia, split personalities, bipolar-disorder and delusional or confused states. †¢ Organic – This covers toxins in the body, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, excessive post natal depression and severe PMT. It is unethical for a herapist to treat clients with psychosis if they are not medically trained to do so. It should never be assumed by the therapist what type of psychosis the client is suffering from and an accurate diagnosis should always be obtained. There are many uncertain areas around these neuroses, it must also be understood that they can and may worsen subsequently developing into psychosis. If any of the above neuroses prevail then the doctor’s written consent must be obtained before being able to treat. This consent must also state that the client is not suffering from any form of psychosis. It is important to be aware that some conditions cannot be treated alone and may require specific expertise and specialist work. Extreme caution should be taken by the therapist when assessing if treatment can be given and they should always be prepared to refer the client on to the relevant professionals. Hypnotherapy should not be carried out on clients with certain medical histories or conditions; eg epilepsy. The therapist needs to know all medications the client may be taking; have an understanding as to what these medicines do and any side effects they may have. This should also include any historic medications that have been prescribed. Information can be obtained from the medical history should indicate if the client has any mental health problems. It is a good idea for the therapist to register with the British National Formulary (BNF) to use the drug database to check on medications if there is uncertainty. If the client has any special needs then consent from a guardian should be sought and ideally they should be present during the therapy sessions. It is also essential that the therapist gains a thorough understanding of what the client’s expectations of hypnotherapy are. The client may have previous experience and details should be obtained around the type of therapy received and what this was used for. Any particular styles used and the client’s reactions to these styles. Success of therapy is very important and exploring the client’s previous experiences will reveal barriers and/or successful approaches for this client. If the client has had negative previous experiences then these issues need to be approached carefully. If the client shows signs of not trusting the therapy or believing that it will not work for them the efficacy of the treatment may be compromised. The therapist will need to work on these issues and reassure the client, going onto advise if treatment sessions need to be extended to allow for the situation. It may also be decided that due to negative emotions or pre-conceptions, therapy will not be suitable for the client at this stage. The therapy style and approach should always be explained and discussed with the client. This helps with building trust and rapport and also provides reassurance for the clients with no experience of hypnotherapy. It should always be stressed to the client that they remain in control at all times and that the therapist will always keep the clients moral belief system at the forefront of the therapies conducted. It is important the therapist understands the client’s goal and their reason for seeking therapy. The goal should be discussed during the initial consultation so that it becomes a part of the contract between the client and the therapist. It is imperative that goal must be achievable and tangible. If the initial goal is not realistic, the therapist should explore with the client why it is unachievable and create a realistic goal. Complex goals can be made manageable by breaking the goal down into steps. Whatever the goal is, it must be ensured that it will not have a negative effect on the client’s health The therapist should consider that it is desirable to have a neutral client/therapist relationship; thus avoiding a possible conflict of interest if you know each other either as a friend, neighbour, work colleague or a relative. Working with people you know is best avoided. This is because the client/therapist relationship would rarely be neutral and it would be difficult to foresee whether this would have a beneficial or negative impact on the sessions. Therefore having a duel relationship with the client should be avoided as it may be detrimental to them and would breach the Code of Ethics. It is stated in section 7 of the National Code of Ethics for Hypnotherapists that, â€Å" The practitioner has the right to refuse or terminate any treatment if it is a reasonable belief that it will not be, or continue to be, efficacious. † It is at this point that the therapist should explain fully to clients in advance of any treatment; the fee levels, precise terms of payment and any charges which may incur for non-attendance or cancelled appointments and wherever relevant, confidentiality issues. This means that terms and conditions should be clarified in relation to the specific client’s needs. It should be advised that maybe, for therapeutic reasons, the treatment will need to be modified or extended, this must be discussed and the client must be made aware of the impact of these changes will have on the overall cost of the treatment. All services must be presented to the client in an unambiguous manner, including realistic outcomes of treatment and any limitations, the therapist should not under any circumstances guarantee a cure or successful resolution of the problem . This will ensure that the client has complete control over their decision to buy the services of the therapist and undergo hypnotherapy. At this point in setting the contract, the therapist should ensure all terms and conditions are made accessible to the client as it is ethical for both the client and the therapist’s well being. It must be discussed that everything that happens in the therapy sessions are confidential, however if the client says that they have committed a crime or wants to harm themselves then the therapist should consult their own supervisor for guidance. The therapist should explain that they may discuss their sessions with the therapist’s own supervisor, advising that names will not be mentioned. It is important that the client is fully aware that the therapist also undergoes regular supervision to ensure standards of practice and ethics are being met. There is a question whether to charge for the initial consultation. There are many things to support charging for the first consultation. The fact that the consultation is a vital part in assessing the client and potential therapy indicates that it should carry a charge. However it can seem that charging for this session is unjust if the therapist cannot provide therapy. A possible outcome of not charging is that clients may take advantage of this â€Å"free† time with no intention of seeking further sessions. It is therefore important that the therapist sets out the terms and conditions for the initial consultation, before it starts. I would charge for the first consultation regardless of whether treatment will commences, as this reduces the problems and issues that may occur around free sessions. It also provides some payment for the therapist’s time and ensures neither party is taken advantage of. However I would consider refunding the clients money at my discretion. In conclusion I consider it is imperative for an ethical therapist to gather information around the client’s background and history. There are many significant factors that have to be investigated before hypnotherapy can be carried out on a client and this is why the first consultation is very important regardless of whether it is envisaged that one session will complete the treatment or a series of sessions will be appropriate. A contract between both parties should be made every time a new course of treatment is commenced ensuring the safety of both parties. It must be remembered that the effectiveness of any hypnotherapy treatment heavily relies on the information, insight, rapport and openness of the initial consultation.

Osmosis Concentration Gradient

Osmosis Concentration Gradient Plant cells at all times have a tough cell wall adjoining them. When they occupy water by osmosis they begin to swell up, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells turn into turgid when they are placed in dilute solutions. Turgid means swollen and tough. The pressure inside the cell increases; ultimately the internal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water can enter the cell. This liquid or hydrostatic pressure works in opposition to osmosis. Turgidity is incredibly vital to plants since this is what makes the green parts of the plant keep upright. Given that potatoes are plants the similar thing will occur to its cells, they will enlarge and become extra turgid. But if a plant cell is put in a concentrated sugar solution it will drop water through osmosis and become flaccid, this is the precise opposite of turgid. So, if you then place the plant cell into a concentrated sugar solution and also look at it beneath a microscope you would notice that the inside of the cells have shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall, this would be known as plasmolysed. But if a plant cell is put in a solution which has accurately the similar osmotic strength like the cells they are in a position between turgidity and flaccidity. The water movement of a cell has the potential of disturbing a whole organism as contrasting to just a single cell. This can be achieved through numerous diverse ways. First of all, if water is occupied into a plant through the roots the ending consequence will be the hydration of the whole organism. Also, if a plant cools down, water or sweat is unconstrained and passes throughout the organism. In this investigation I have used many scientific definitions, which I have explained below: Hypotonic A hypotonic cell surroundings is an atmosphere with a minor concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell. Within a hypotonic environment, osmosis creates a current of water into the cell, causing the growth and spreading out of the cell. The growth may perhaps guide to the bursting of the cell. A hypertonic result has a higher concentration when compared to the cell. Hypotonic means it has a lesser concentration compared to the cell. Isotonic is a condition in which the concentrations of the cell and of the solution are in an identical proportion. Plasmolysis Plasmolysis is the reduction of the protoplasm of cells inside plants suitable to the loss of water during osmosis. It is while the cell membrane takes off the cell wall and the vacuole collapses when put in a hypertonic atmosphere. The reverse of Plasmolysis in plant cells is cytolysis. Hypertonic A hypertonic cell atmosphere has a bigger concentration of solutes at the outer of the cell. Consequently, in hypertonic surroundings, osmosis makes water to run out of the cell. If a sufficient amount of water is taken away in this way, the cytoplasm will contain such a tiny concentration of water that the cell has trouble working. Turgor Pressure Turgor pressure is the risky internal pressure in a cell ensuing from osmotic pressure. Hypothesis I expect that when there is a high concentration of sucrose the water molecules from inside the potato section will go away from the potato and set off into the sucrose. Since sucrose has a big concentration of sugar and a small concentration of water, this is subsequent laws of osmosis. Once the procedure has happened, the cell of the potato will happen to be flaccid. In addition, as the quantity of sucrose in the solution increases the potato piece will get smaller more and as the quantity of distilled water increases in the solution, the potato piece will become turgid. I expect that the more water there is in the solution, the more the potato cell will swell up, which would make it turgid. This will raise the total mass of the potato however; the cells will not come apart as the cellulose cell wall is inelastic. Because of the Turgor pressure the inside of the cell will initiate to move forward alongside the cell wall and provide support to the plant tissues. Variables There are numerous diverse variables which may well affect the results of the experiments. They are listed below: Mass of the potato piece: The size of the potato piece must be tiny enough to fit within the tube. The size ought to be large enough to observe an outcome in mass following the experiment. This variable will be controlled by cutting and measuring the mass on weighing scales. Concentration of Sucrose: The concentration of the sucrose must not be excessively large, or else the molecules of the potato will travel towards it rapidly and the weight of the potato will rise too fast. It must not be excessively low or else the potato will become bigger in size as the water molecules will shift from the solution into the potato. This variable will be controlled using equal concentration of sucrose in every experiment but will be changing the amount. Amount of Sucrose: The amount of sucrose is the variable which I will be changing. This is because by changing the volume of sucrose but keeping the quantity of the solution stable, the concentration of sucrose becomes more diluted. So, from there I preserve the result of different concentrations on osmosis. Temperature: The temperature should stay stable to maintain the investigation to be fair. The experiments ought to be carried out in the same area with the same equipment to keep reliability of results accurate as possible. It must stay put at room temperature to guarantee fairness and reliability. Time: Every experiment must be recorded up to a firm time. It must not be too lengthy or there would be sufficient time for the water molecules to travel in or out of the potato making incorrect results. If it is not long enough then there would not be sufficient time for osmosis to happen. The time must stay the same all the way through the experiments to make sure it is fair and to guarantee that the results are similar. To ensure the experiment to be fair, some aspects of the experiment will have to be kept the same, at the same time as one key variable is changed. If the experiment is not a fair test, I will be getting the incorrect results which could guide me to the wrong conclusions. I have preferred to vary the concentration of the sugar solution. The primary and mainly the important thing to do, is to get the measurements of the solutions and the mass of the potato cores as precise as possible. This will be prepared to each single potato core. I will use a size 6 cork borer to get the potato cores out of the original potato. I will be equally cutting the potato cores with a scalpel to make them as identical in length as achievable to make it a fair test. I will clarify how the length will influence the result of osmosis beneath. I will also be measuring the length to the nearest millimeter. If some of the non-variables are not kept steady, this would then not be a fair test then. If we obtain the potato core for example., if the potato core was taken away with several cork borers, then the potato core would be a different width, or else if one potato core was longer than another potato core, there would be an raise in surface area which would consequently mean that there is more surface area for osmosis to take place which wo uld either mean that the potato core would be heavier than it should be or lighter than it ought to be. I will use the same top-pan balance to weigh my potato cores because measurements can faintly differ between scales. Before using the scale, I will wipe the scale as it would have been used by other fellow classmates. The potato core to be entirely covered in the sucrose solution is too another very important part in order to make the experiment as fair as achievable. Because if the potato core is not entirely covered by the sucrose solution, the outcome of osmosis will not take place to its fullest and I would obtain dissimilar readings of the mass for each potato core, which will also make the test unreasonable. For that reason, I will use 10cm of every concentration of solution for each potatoes core. Carrying out the experiments in stable temperature surroundings is extremely essential. The temperature can have an effect on the consistency of the experiment. Every test tube will be located in the same site at room temperature. On the other hand, this might not create a constant environment. Obtaining and experimenting with the accurate measurement of concentration of sugar solution is awfully important to the experiment. If the amount of one solution in a test tube is greater or lower than another, it will influence the pattern of results. E.g. if the amount of solution is greater than the rest, it would be rather possible that there will more osmosis taking place, bearing in mind that there is additional sucrose solution, while there is a smaller amount of solution in the test tube, not as much osmosis will happen. Yet again, this cannot always be correct. I can always find out by essentially doing an experiment where I put two potato cores of the identical length in separate test tubes in the same concentration of sugar solution but with a dissimilar amount. E.g., one potato core can be placed in a test tube of 10ml of 0.50M of sugar solution and one potato core can be put in a test tube of 25ml of 0.50M of sugar solution. Equipment Distilled Water Potato Sucrose Solution Scalpel Cutting plate Ruler Test Tubes Measuring Cylinder Weighting Scale Initially I will make sure that every potato piece weighs approximately the same. In addition, I have to make the surface area available the same. All of the potato pieces will be cut 4cm by 1cm by 1cm. Once I weigh the potato pieces, I will put them into fifteen different test tubes. Then I will make the solutions of distilled water and sucrose concentration. The concentrations will vary by: 5ml in each test tube, each experiment will be repeated three times. Each experiment will be repeated three times Experiment No. Sucrose Quantity (ml) Distilled Water Quantity (ml) I will put in the dissimilar amounts of sucrose to water into dissimilar test tubes. I will leave the solution for 24 Hours and then take measurements. All experiments will be repeated 3 times and an average will be prepared to enhance accuracy. Safety Safety glasses are not a critical part of safety, because there are not any dangerous chemicals I will be using in this experiment. Each and every apparatus must be labeled visibly; as a result there would not be any disorder. A first aid kit must be set aside nearby to save time in case of a cut ought to happen all through the experiment. Preliminary Results From my Preliminary Results, I am to trying to find out: If the length I have chosen is a good choice If I will change the concentrations If the method should be changed or not Preliminary Results-Changes to be made for Actual Experiment If the length I have chosen is a good choice To cut the potato piece to 4cm took a long time, the length was also too big, so therefore for the actual experiment, every potato will be 3cm by 1cm by 1cm. If I will change the concentrations The concentrations used are perfect and the results given are consistent. If the method should be changed or not The method used was well-organized and straightforward. It was enormously simple to replicate and since I have carried it out numerous times I have become used to the method, so the method will not be changed and will be the same as the Prelimary experiment. Conclusion After the finishing point of the investigation I can bring to a close, that correct results were produced. I have presented my data in two ways, graphs and the tables above. I drew graphs because you are able to spot any trends. My results evidently show the comparison between increasing the concentration of sucrose-mass of potato will decrease. My graph can be said to be a straight line, so my results are accurate and reliable. From my outcome I can see that as the concentration of sucrose increases, there is a steady increase in the percentage change of the potato mass.At highest concentration the potato has lost the most mass 54%, this will be called flaccid. So, the concentration gradient was at its maximum, for this reason the highest rate of osmosis took place at this concentration. Still, as the sucrose concentration altered to lesser values the loss in mass from the potato also decreased. Once the concentration of sugar was completely water, the potato had gained mass 20%. O smosis of water molecules was currently going on back into the potato. At that point the Potato Cells were Turgid. From the outcome I can say that my prediction was right. At high sucrose concentrations the potato lost mass and became flaccid, and at small sucrose concentrations the mass enlarged. This would be because of osmosis taking place, the water molecules moving from low concentration of sucrose to the high solution in the potato. Evaluation On the whole, the investigation was good. As I did a preliminary experiment, I could make changes to the Actual Experiment. From looking at the 3 graphs and the tables, it can be said, there were no anomalous results. This can be said because the values are precise and accurate with each other. The method used was well-organized and reliable upon. I used the same method in the preliminary and the Actual Experiment, this was good for me as I got used to the method and the whole experiment became easier for me. In the experiment, I could have improved accuracy, if I did the experiment further times. I could have also tested more Sucrose concentrations. Also, I could have measured every hour instead of 24 hours. I can also carry out an investigation into how osmosis is affected when it takes place in different conditions, i.e. Low and High temperature.